Effective radiation, an important expenditure in the surface energy exchange, is quite significant to the studies of the physical processes of surface radiation balance, underlying surface thermal condition and energy exchange between land and atmosphere, etc. In this research, using the observation data from the Cryosphere Research Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the solar radiation stations in Golmud, Shiquanhe and Qamdo on the Tibetan Plateau, the characteristics of effective radiation on the plateau were analyzed. Further more, combining with the data of ground temperature, the impact of effective radiation on thermal condition of superficial ground was discussed. It is found that: 1) the distribution of effective radiation is different from place to place, showing a decreasing tendency in the northeast, west and hinterland of the plateau, but an increasing tendency in the southeastern plateau; 2) effective radiation plays a great role in the formation and duration of the cumulative temperature below 0 ℃ during the freezing process; 3) effective radiation shows a negative correlation with the surface freezing-thawing intensity (FTI), and more notable with the FTI of two-year lag; 4) effective radiation takes more share in the global solar radiation than reflected radiation. It occupies the first of the expenditure part in the radiation balance. The effects of  F/Q and R_k/Q both make land surface lose energy and lower temperature. Overall the cooling effect of F/Q is more intensively than R_k/Q.

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