Atmospheric particles or aerosol recently received much attention due to the important role it plays in many aspects of climate and environmental issues. The high elevation, sparse human population and almost no industrial activities make the Tibetan Plateau being an ideal area for monitoring aerosol properties under background atmosphere conditions. Scientists have obtained many relevant data from high mountain stations and glacier expeditions in the last twenty years in this area. In this paper, achievements of aerosol research in the Tibetan Plateau are summarized from three aspects: characteristics of aerosol, climate effect and its environmental effect. However, further research is necessary for systematic study and developing advanced methods. In addition, research on aerosol records in glaciers and ice cores, which could provide valuable information to the climate change studies, should be emphasized in the future study.